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AIM: To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 injection combined with inosine tablets and vitamin B1 on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP)and clinical efficacy in primary retinitis pigmentosa.METHODS: A total of 50 patients(100 eyes)with primary retinitis pigmentosa who admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from August 2019 to March 2022 were selected as the research object. They were divided into the study group and the control group according to random number table, with 50 eyes in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with inosine tablets and vitamin B1, while patients in the study group were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 injection on the basis of the control group. The expression of BDNF and PACAP in serum, electroretinogram and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)were compared before and after treatment, and the retinal thickness(RT), mean deviation(MD), clinical efficacy and safety indexes were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: There were no differences in the MD of the two groups before treatment(t=1.670, P=0.098), while the MD of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group after treatment(t=3.628, P<0.01). Before treatment, RT with a diameter of 1mm at the circle of macular fovea was compared between the two groups(t=0.108, P=0.914), it was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment(t=6.125, P<0.01). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the results of dark adaptation of electroretinogram between the two groups(all P>0.05). After treatment, the results of dark adaptation in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group(all P<0.01). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the results of electroretinogram adaptation between the two groups(all P>0.05). After treatment, the results of electroretinogram adaptation in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group(all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in BDNF and PACAP between the two groups before treatment(all P>0.05). BDNF and PACAP in the study group were higher than those of the control group after treatment(all P<0.01). After treatment, no adverse reactions were observed in both groups.CONCLUSION: The treatment of patients with primary retinitis pigmentosa with ginsenoside will improve the retinal function and promote the prognosis of the disease by regulating the expression of BDNF and PACAP, and it is highly safe.
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OBJECTIVES@#To study the risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) in children with congenital heart disease.@*METHODS@#A prospective nested case-control study was performed on children with congenital heart disease who underwent surgery in Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from December 2020 to June 2021. The clinical data were compared between the POD group (n=114) and non-POD group (n=102). A multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for POD in children with congenital heart disease.@*RESULTS@#The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=0.951, P<0.001), gender (OR=2.127, P=0.049), number of invasive catheters per day (OR=1.490, P=0.017), degree of postoperative pain (OR=5.856, P<0.001), and preoperative parental anxiety level (OR=1.025, P=0.010) were independent risk factors for POD in children with congenital heart disease.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The risk of POD increases in children with congenital heart disease who are younger, male, have higher number of invasive catheters per day, higher degree of postoperative pain, or higher preoperative parental anxiety level.
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Child , Humans , Male , Case-Control Studies , Delirium/complications , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a genetic syndrome caused by the deletion of 22q11.21-q11.23 in the proximal long arm microfragment of chromosome 22 for human. TBX1 belongs to the T-box family and is located in 22q11.2 of chromosome. Studies have shown that haploinsufficiency of TBX1 is the main cause of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, which is of great significance for the appearance of its phenotype. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of TBX1 in the mechanism of cardiac disease, pulmonary artery phenotype, thymus development, pharyngeal and palatal development, lymphatic formation, and low proliferation of parathyroid tumors.
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22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a genetic syndrome caused by the deletion of 22q11.21-q11.23 in the proximal long arm microfragment of chromosome 22 for human. TBX1 belongs to the T-box family and is located in 22q11.2 of chromosome. Studies have shown that haploinsufficiency of TBX1 is the main cause of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, which is of great significance for the appearance of its phenotype. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of TBX1 in the mechanism of cardiac disease, pulmonary artery phenotype, thymus development, pharyngeal and palatal development, lymphatic formation, and low proliferation of parathyroid tumors.
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Objective:To observe the effects of Analgecine (AGC) on middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism. Methods:A total of 61 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n = 11), sham-AGC group (n = 11), model group (n = 20) and model-AGC group (n = 19). The model group and the model-AGC group were occluded the middle cerebral arteries for 1.5 hours and reperfused (2 rats in each group unsuccessful). The sham-AGC group and the model-AGC group were injected AGC 20 U/kg through tail-vein, while the sham group and the model group were injected saline of same volume. Four rats in each group were tested heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70), Bcl-2 and Bax in brain with Western blotting 48 hours after injection. The other rats were assessed with Prehensile Traction Test seven days after injection, and then, four of each group were detected ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression with immunohistochemistry. Results:The prehensile time increased in the model-AGC group compared with that of the model group (P < 0.01), with the increase of HSP70 and Bcl-2 (P < 0.01) and decrease of Iba1 and GFAP expression (P < 0.05). Conclusion:AGC may promote the recovery of motor function in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may associate with inhibiting cell apoptosis and neruoinflammatory response.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluated the effect of curcumin on the bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells and the expression of Notch1 signaling pathway, in order to further explore its potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#Curcumin, bortezomib, and curcumin combined bortezomib were added into RPMI 8266, U266, 5 nmol/L bortezomib-resistant RPMI 8266 (RPMI 8226-V5R), 5 nmol/L bortezomib-resistant U 266 (U266-V5R) and CD138+ plasma cells respectively. The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. the apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry, and the Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Then, the expression of Notch1 in cells was inhibited by notch1 inhibitor DAPT and RNA interference, the above-motioned experiments should be repeated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with single drug-treated groups, the treatment with 2 drugs could further inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and enhance the inhibition effect on notch1 signaling pathway (P<0.05), while the inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway could reduce cell proliferation and increase the expression of cleaved caspase-3.@*CONCLUSION@#Curcumin can increase chemosensitivity of myeloma cells to bortezomib, this effect may be related to the inhibition of Notch1.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Bortezomib , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Curcumin , Multiple Myeloma , Receptor, Notch1 , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) on the learning-memory ability and pathological changes in the brain of vascular dementia (VD) rats; To discuss relevant mechanism of action. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, positive medicine group, CIG groups low-, medium- and high-dose groups. The animal model of VD was replicated by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in rats. Drugs were intragastrically administered 6 h after surgery and then once a day for 3 months. Morris water maze test was used to detect spatial learning-memory ability, and recognition memory was measured by the object recognition test. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the neuronal survival and the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the brain. Results Three months after permanent 2VO operation, the model rats showed a longer escape latency in Morris water maze, a lower discrimination index in the object recognition test, and a decrease in NeuN positive neuronal survival and ChAT expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Compared with the model group, intragastric administration of CIG for 3 months shortened the escape latency in Morris water maze, elevated the discrimination index in the object recognition test, and increased the NeuN positive neuronal survival in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and ChAT expression of 2VO rats. Conclusion CIG can improve the cognitive impairment of VD model rats through protecting neurons and promoting ChAT expression.
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BACKGROUND: The 3D printed polylactic-co-glycolicacid/nano-hydroxyapatite (PLGA/nHA) scaffold carrying human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2)/chitosan (CS) sustained release tissue-engineering bone has good biological activity, mechanical properties, and biological activity of its controlled release rhBMP-2. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the repair of mandibular defects with PLGA/nHA scaffold/rhBMP-2/CS sustained release tissue-engineering bone manufactured using 3D bionic printing technology. METHODS: Animal models of bilateral critical mandibular bone defects were established in 27 New Zealand white rabbits, followed by implantation of a 3D-printed PLGA/nHA scaffold/rhBMP-2/CS sustained release tissue-engineering bone on one side (experimental side), and a 3D-printed PLGA/nHA scaffold on the other side (control side). Mandibular specimens were harvested at postoperative days 30, 60 and 90 to carry out cone-beam CT, Micro CT, histological and immunohistochemical examinations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results from micro-CT analysis revealed that the volume of newly formed bone volume and the amount of bone trabeculae on the experimental side were significantly higher than those on the control side at different postoperative time points (P ＜ 0.05). The results from cone-beam CT examination showed that at 90 postoperative days, bone density of the bone defect on the experimental side was close to that of the surrounding bone, new bone tissues were full of the original bone defect area, and the trabecular bone arranged regularly, while on the control side, worm-eaten discontinuous low-density osteoid tissues were visible in the bone defect area. Osteogenesis on the experimental side was better than that on the control side. Histological findings demonstrated that on the experimental side, a large amount of mature lamellae were detected in the bone defect area, with well-arranged trabecular bones and abundant capillaries, and moreover, the scaffold material had been completely absorbed. However, low-density, loose-meshed, irregular braided bone tissues with rare capillaries were observed on the control side, and the scaffold material had been mostly absorbed. Immunohistochemical findings indicated that the osteocalcin-dyed area on the experimental side was significantly larger than that of the control side at postoperative 90 days. To conclude, 3D-printed PLGA/nHA scaffold/rhBMP-2/CS sustained release tissue-engineering bone is favorable for the repair and reconstruction of experimental mandibular defects in rabbits.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the aging population. Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau is the main cause of AD. Protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) can increase the hyperphosphorylation of tau. Cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) is one of the main components extracted from Cornus of ficinalis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of CIG on enhancing PP2A activity. SK-N-SH cells were exposed to 20 nmol·L-1 okadaic acid (OA, an inhibitor of PP2A) for 6 h to induce the hyper-phosphorylation of tau, in order to define the effect of CIG on the activity of PP2A and posttranslational modification of PP2A catalytic subunit C (PP2Ac). We found that OA significantly decreased PP2A activity, increased the phosphorylation of PP2Ac, and enhanced tau hyper-phosphorylation. Pre-incubation of CIG significantly attenuated the OA-induced tau hyper-phosphorylation at Ser 199/202 and Ser 396, and recovered the activity of PP2A. CIG inhibited PP2Ac phosphorylation at Tyr 307 and increased Src phosphorylation. In conclusion, the mechanism of CIG inhibition of tau hyper-phosphorylation was activation of PP2A to reduce the level of p-Src for a reduction of PP2Ac phosphorylation at Tyr307.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with HLA-G (Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA-G) positive expression induce Treg (regulatory T cell, Treg) in vitro.@*METHODS@#placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells were separated from neonatal placenta; PEGFP - N1 -HLA-G plasmid was transfected in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells by liposome transfection.The cells were divided into 3 groups including control group, PEGFP-N1 group and PEGFP-N1-HLA-G group, 5 complex walls in each group. Expression of HLA-G protein was detected by Western Blotting; after identification of cells, healthy human peripheral blood CD4 T lymphocytes were cultured with placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with HLA-G positive expression, and the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was accounted.@*RESULTS@#After transfection of PEGFP-N1-HLA-G, the placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can express HLA-G protein significantly, compared with the control group and PEGFP - N1 group (<0.01). After HLA-G positive placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD4 + T lymphocytes were cultured for 24 h, the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was (16.41±0.94)%. After HLA - G positive placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD4 T lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h, the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was (16.46±0.59)% significantly, compared with the control group and PEGFP - N1 group (<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells modified by HLA-G gene can effectively induce CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in vitro.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Forkhead Transcription Factors , HLA-G Antigens , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Placenta , T-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on hemorrhagic shock /resuscitation(HS/R)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)in rats,and to explore the possible mechanisms.METHODS:Wistar rats(n=32) were randomly divided into 4 groups(n =8): normal saline control group(NS group), dexmedetomidine group(D group),HS/R group and HS/R+D group.The animals were sacrificed at 6 h after resuscitation.The levels of serum creatinine(Cr)and blood urine nitrogen(BUN)were examined.The kidneys of all rats were removed for evaluation of histological characteristics,and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were measured.The expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and hemeoxyge-nase-1(HO-1)was determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with NS group, the levels of Cr, BUN, MDA, TNF-αand IL-1βwere obviously increased in HS/R group, which were obviously decreased in HS/R+D group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group,the SOD activity was obviously decreased in HS/R group,which was obviously increased in HS/R+D group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group, the protein expression of NF-κB was obviously increased in HS/R group,which was obviously decreased in HS/R+D group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group, the protein ex-pression of HO-1 was increased in HS/R group.Compared with HS/R group,the protein expression of HO-1 was obviously increased in HS/R+D group.Compared with NS group,HS/R induced marked kidney histological injury,which was less pronounced in HS/R+D group.CONCLUSION:Dexmedetomidine effectively protects rats against AKI caused by HS /R, and its mechanism may be associated with the increase in HO-1 expression and the inhibition of NF-κB expression.
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Population-based cancer registration data were collected to estimate the cancer incidence and mortality in Wuwei, Hexi Corridor Region, China in 2018. We used the 2011-2013 data to predict the number of new cases and deaths in 2018 and the 2003-2013 data to analyze trends in cancer incidence and mortality. The goal is to enable cancer prevention and control directions. Our results indicated that stomach cancer is the most common cancer. For all cancers combined, the incidence and mortality rates showed significantly increasing trends (+2.63% per year; P < 0.05 and +1.9% per year; P < 0.05). This study revealed a significant cancer burden among the population of this area. Cancer screening and prevention should be performed after an epidemiological study of the cause of the cancer is completed.
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Female , Humans , Male , China , Incidence , Neoplasms , Classification , Epidemiology , Mortality , Population Surveillance , Registries , Rural Population , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Endometriosis (EMs) is a common gynecological disorder characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Hypoxia induces the expression of many important downstream genes to regulate the implantation, survival, and maintenance of ectopic endometriotic lesions. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a major role in the etiology of EMs. We aimed to determine whether TGF-β1 affects EMs development and progression and its related mechanisms in hypoxic conditions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Endometrial tissue was obtained from women with or without EMs undergoing surgery from October, 2015 to October, 2016. Endometrial cells were cultured and then exposed to hypoxia and TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 inhibitors. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of TGF-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were measured. A Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay was used to examine the effect of TGF-β1 and hypoxia on a VEGF promoter construct. Student's t-test was performed for comparison among groups (one-sided or two-sided) and a value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TGF-β1, VEGF, HIF-1α mRNA, and protein expression were significantly higher in EMs tissue than that in normal endometrial tissue (t = 2.16, P = 0.042). EMs primary cultured cells exposed to hypoxia expressed 43.8% higher VEGF mRNA and protein (t = 6.84, P = 0.023). VEGF mRNA levels increased 12.5% in response to TGF-β, whereas the combined treatment of hypoxia/TGF-β1 resulted in a much higher production (87.5% increases) of VEGF. The luciferase activity of the VEGF promoter construct was increased in the presence of either TGF-β1 (2.6-fold, t = 6.08, P = 0.032) or hypoxia (11.2-fold, t = 32.70, P < 0.001), whereas the simultaneous presence of both stimuli resulted in a significant cooperative effect (18.5-fold, t = 33.50, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The data support the hypothesis that TGF-β1 is involved in the pathogenesis of EMs through regulating VEGF expression. An additive effect of TGF-β1 and hypoxia is taking place at the transcriptional level.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Blotting, Western , Cells, Cultured , Endometriosis , Genetics , Metabolism , Hypoxia , Genetics , Metabolism , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Genetics , Metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta , Genetics , Metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , MetabolismABSTRACT
AIM:To explore the clinical value of combined detection of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) and white blood cell ( WBC) count in patients with ocular syphilis. METHODS:Dates of CRP, ESR, WBC, TPPA and RPR of 51 ophthalmopathy patients caused by syphilis and 50 normal control from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015 in eye hospital were recruited and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The positive rates of CRP, ESR and WBC of oculopathy patients were 16%, 18% and 39%, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group. In patients group, the positive rate of ESR was higher than CRP and WBC. There were no obvious relationships between RPR titers and positive ratios of CRP, WBC and ESR. CONCLUSION: The blood level of CRP, WBC and ESR may have certain help in estimating and monitoring condition of patients with ocular syphilis.
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The plants of Nigella genus distribute worldwide among Southwest Asia, South Europe and North Africa rigions. Their seeds are applied extensively as both traditional food additives and medicinal herbs in all Islamic countries since ancient time. In the past three decades, Nigella seeds were reported to contain fatty acids, volatile oil, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other constituents. It had pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-infective, anti-tumor, anti-platelet aggregation effects, etc. In this paper, the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Nigella seeds in the recent five years are reviewed, which may be helpful for further investigations of these valuable herbs.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effects of hypobaric hypoxia pretreatment on surgically induced endometriosis in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six rats were randomized into 2 groups and exposed to hypoxia (8% O) and normoxia (21% O) for 8 h. The uterine endometrium was intraperitoneally implanted into estrogen-treated ovariectomized Lewis rat, and the growth and quality of the implants were measured. The changes in apoptosis, protein and gene expressions in the serum, abdominis effusion fluids and implants were tested by ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, TUNNEL assay, Western blotting and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The volume of the implants in the hypoxic pretreatment group was significantly increased compared with the normoxia group. High expressions of Ki67, CD31, VEGF, and HIF-1α and lowered cell apoptosis were found in the hypoxia-pretreated implants compared with the normoxic group. VEGF level in the serum and peritoneal fluid were increased in hypoxia-pretreated group, but TNFα level was comparable between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypoxia play an important role in the occurrence and progression of endometriosis by increasing cell proliferation and angiogenesis and decreasing cell apoptosis in the implants in the rat model.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Allografts , Apoptosis , Ascitic Fluid , Blotting, Western , Cell Proliferation , Endometriosis , Therapeutics , Endometrium , Transplantation , Hypoxia , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Metabolism , Ischemic Preconditioning , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Rats, Inbred Lew , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the serum level of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and its relation with pulmonary hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-six patients with AECOPD complicated by pulmonary hypertension, 46 with AECOPD and 38 healthy control subjects were examined for their clinical data, pulmonary function, echocardiographic findings, and serum levels of lung tumor markers and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy control group, COPD patients with or without pulmonary hypertension showed significantly decreased pulmonary function (P<0.05), especially in those with AECOPD and concurrent pulmonary hypertension (P<0.05). Serum CA125 level was obviously higher in AECOPD group than in the healthy control group, and further increased in AECOPD patients with pulmonary hypertension (P<0.05). The levels of lung tumor markers (CEA, NSE, CYFRA and PROGRP) were similar among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The serum level of BNP in patients with AECOPD and concurrent pulmonary hypertension was significantly higher than that in patients with AECOPD (P<0.05). Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that serum CA125 was positively correlated with pulmonary artery systolic pressure and BNP in AECOPD patients with pulmonary hypertension (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum CA125 may serve as a serological index to identify AECOPD patients with pulmonary hypertension.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Disease , Biomarkers, Tumor , CA-125 Antigen , Blood , Case-Control Studies , Disease Progression , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Lung , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain , Blood , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) expression in normal and pathological tissue of female reproductive system to better understand the physiological role of IF1 in malignancies of the female reproductive system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surgical specimens of normal tissues and primary malignant tumors were obtained during the past 2 years, including 38 normal endometrium tissues, 33 endometriosis tissues, 30 endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues, 24 uterine myoideum tissues, 30 uterine fibroid tissues, 18 normal cervical tissues, 30 cervical squamous carcinoma tissues, 11 fallopian tube tissues, 19 fallopian tube adenocarcinoma tissues, 15 ovarian tissues, 21 ovarian endometrial adenocarinoma tissues, 30 decidua tissues, and 30 villus tissues. The expressions of IF1 protein and mRNA were assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of IF1 were significantly increased in endometrial adenocarcinoma (P<0.01), cervical squamous carcinoma (P<0.01), fallopian tube adenocarcinoma (P<0.01) and ovarian endometrial adenocarinoma (P<0.01) as compared with those in normal tissues. In normal endometrium, IF1 expression was significantly reduced in the secretory phase as compared with the proliferation phase (P<0.01). In patients with endometriosis, IF1 protein expression increased obviously in endometriotic tissues as compared with eutopic and normal endometrial, but the expression IF1 mRNA was similar among the 3 tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IF1 expression, increases abnormally in malignant tumors of the female reproductive system and may serve as a marker for malignancies of the female reproductive system as well as a promising pharmacological target for cancer treatment.</p>
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AIM@#To analyze the composition of the Chinese herbal medicine Sanjie Zhentong Capsule (SJZTC) and test the therapeutic efficacy of each component in a rat model of endometriosis.@*METHODS@#A rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) method coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) has been developed for the analysis of SJZTC. Two main ingredients, Drac(h)onis sanguis and saponin, were tested in the endometriosis model. Sixty Lewis female rats were in the estrous cycle stage when endometriosis was experimentally initiated by peritoneal implantation of endometrial tissue. Four weeks later, a second laparotomy was performed and implant volumes were measured. After that, the implanted rats were randomized into five study groups: control group (treatment with saline), anastrozole group (treatment with anastrole, 18 μg per day), loureirin A group (treated with loureirin A, 97.2 mg), ginsenoside Re group (treated with ginsenoside Re, 64.8 mg), and SJZTC groups (treated with SJZTC, 86.4 mg) administered once a day for 4 weeks via gastric gavage. After four weeks of treatment, a third laparotomy was performed, implant volumes were re-measured, and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were tested.@*RESULTS@#A total of 38 compounds including, both the target and unknown compounds, were rapidly predicted in the capsule extract by the developed method. Compared with the control group, the anastrozole group, loureirin A group, ginsenoside Re group, and SJZTC treated group showed smaller implant volumes, as well as lower levels of VEGF and TNF-α in the peritoneal focus (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Furthermore, parameters in the groups treated with SJZTC, loureirin A and ginsenoside Re were significantly better than the control group and the anastrozole group. These results indicate that SJZTC and its two main components are effective in reducing the development of endometriosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Rats , Capsules , Chemistry , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Endometriosis , Drug Therapy , Rats, Inbred LewABSTRACT
Because of the proposed importance of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (COX) decrease in Alzheimer's disease (AD) , the protective effect of Shenwu capsule on mitochondrial deficiency model rats and its pharmacological mechanism were investigated in present study. Rats were administered with azide at 1 mg . kg-1 . h-1 subcutaneously via an Alzet minipump for 30 days. Tweny-four hours after the operation, the rats were administered intragastrically by Shenwu capsule with the dose of 0. 45, 0. 9 and 1. 8 g . kg-1 . d-1 for one month. Then learning-memory ability was determined by the watermaze test and passive avoidance tests. The activity of choline-acetyl-transfertase(ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in hippocampus and cortex of rats were measured by radiochemical method and hydroxylamine colorimetry separately. M-cholinergic receptor binding ability (M-binding) was assayed by radio binding. Chronic infusion of sodium azide via minipump induced learning-memory deficiency of rats. Both ChAT activity and M-binding decreased in hippocampus and cortex of model rats, however, the activity of AChE increased in hippocampus and was not affected at the cortex. As the result, the cholinergic function of the brain decreased in model rats. Shenwu capsule significantly improved learning and memory ability and the mechanism may be related with the improved cholinergic function in model brain: ChAT activity and M-binding significantly increased in Shenwu treated groups compared with model group; and the increased activity of AChE in hippocampus returned to normal. Mitochondria, especially mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase, may play the key role in the early event of AD. Chronic, partial in vivo inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase in rats provides a suitable model mimicking several aspects of AD. Shenwu capsule indicate effectiveness in AD-like mitochondrial deficiency model rats, so it would be applied in the treatment of AD.